CSS Environmental Sciences Past Paper 2025

Instructions specific to this paper

• First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back
• Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.
• There is no negative marking. All MCQs must be attempted.
• Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.
• Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

Questions

1. Q. 220 marks

   How have the industrial and agricultural revolutions contributed to environmental challenges. What lessons can be learned to promote sustainable development?

2. Q. 320 marks

   How does population growth exacerbate poverty, biodiversity loss, and energy insecurity? What strategies can ensure sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing regions?

3. Q. 420 marks

   How can advancements in environmental biotechnology, physics, and chemistry impact the mitigation of pollutants in ecosystems and what will be its impacts on human health?

4. Q. 520 marks

   Discuss the causes and consequences of the air pollution problem in Pakistan.

5. Q. 620 marks

   How different climate types are formed in the world? Discuss tropical, polar, and dry categories of climate. Write down their characteristics. How will they respond to climate change, and what are the key indicators that highlight these changes?

6. Q. 720 marks

   Evaluate the effectiveness of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 and Pak EPA Regulations 2000 in addressing environmental governance and pollution control.

7. Q. 820 marks

   How do global frameworks like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Kyoto Protocol, and the Montreal Protocol align with Pakistan's environmental goals, particularly in addressing climate change and ozone layer depletion?

Standard FPSC instructions

Printed on this and every CSS paper.

• Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.
• All the parts (if any) of each question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.
• Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the question paper.
• No page/space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of the Answer Book must be crossed.
• Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.